Microsoft 98-349 Windows Operating System Fundamentals Free Practice Test — 30 Questions
This practice bank covers core topics in Windows operating system administration, including file systems (NTFS, ReFS), security (EFS, RBAC, password policies), networking (TCP/IP, subnetting, VPN), virtualization, recovery (BCD repair, recovery drives), and automation (PowerShell scripting). The questions test practical decision-making and troubleshooting, emphasizing principles like least privilege, encapsulation, and resource planning. Learners must apply concepts to real-world scenarios such as migrating applications, configuring user accounts, and managing system performance. Use this guide to reinforce understanding of the key concepts and methodologies required for the 98-349 exam.
What this Microsoft 98-349 Windows Operating System Fundamentals practice set measures
This is an analysis of the practice bank, not a claim about the vendor's live exam blueprint. Use it to identify the knowledge, judgment, and recall patterns exercised here, then verify your coverage against the current official exam guide.
Core Concepts and System Configuration
This section focuses on fundamental Windows OS components, configuration tools, and recovery strategies. Questions cover the differences between Control Panel and Settings app, proper use of recovery media (repair option vs. full reinstall), and power management settings to balance battery life and responsiveness. Understanding the kernel's role in resource management and the importance of BCD for booting is essential.
- NTFS features: file compression and encryption for security and space savings.
- Recovery options: Use 'Repair your computer' from installation media to preserve user data.
- Power management: Configure sleep mode after inactivity to reduce battery consumption.
Security and User Management
Security topics include implementing RBAC to grant permissions based on roles, EFS encryption using a symmetric file encryption key (FEK) protected by the user's public key, and password policies enforcing length, complexity, and history. The principle of least privilege is emphasized, ensuring users have only necessary access. Questions also cover Active Directory user creation via PowerShell and managing software distribution through Microsoft Store for Business.
- EFS: file encrypted with symmetric key, that key encrypted with user's public key; only user's private key decrypts.
- RBAC: assign permissions to roles, not individuals, to simplify management and enforce least privilege.
- Password policy: minimum 12 characters, uppercase, lowercase, digit, special; change every 90 days; no reuse of last 5.
Networking and Communication
Networking questions address TCP/IP encapsulation (data → segments → packets → frames), subnetting to allocate IP addresses efficiently (e.g., using /26 subnet for 50 hosts), and VPN configurations that balance security and performance. Split-tunneling allows direct internet access while securing internal resource traffic. Understanding Class C subnets and appropriate subnet masks for future expansion is also covered.
- TCP/IP encapsulation: Transport layer segments, Internet layer packets, Network Access layer frames.
- Subnet mask selection: /26 (255.255.255.192) provides 62 usable addresses, suitable for 50 hosts with room for growth.
- VPN split-tunneling: route only internal traffic through VPN, improving performance while maintaining security.
Virtualization and Data Management
This section covers planning virtual machine (VM) deployments, comparing file systems for scalability and data integrity (ReFS vs. NTFS), and automating backups with scripts. VM creation must consider RAM, CPU, and storage constraints. ReFS supports larger volumes and integrity streams to detect/correct corruption. Disk cleanup and defragmentation improve performance; calculating free space after operations is tested.
- VM resource calculation: maximum VMs determined by the most constrained resource (e.g., RAM, CPU cores, storage).
- ReFS: built-in integrity checks and repair, suitable for large-scale data with high availability needs.
- Backup automation: check and create backup directory if missing, then copy files using Copy-Item.
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A company is planning to migrate its on-premises data center to a cloud-based infrastructure. They have a mix of legacy applications and modern services that need to be transitioned. The IT team is considering three different migration strategies: rehosting, refactoring, and rebuilding. Given the company\'s need for minimal downtime and the desire to leverage cloud-native features, which migration strategy should they prioritize to achieve these goals effectively?
Study workflow
Turn one Microsoft 98-349 Windows Operating System Fundamentals attempt into a study plan
- 1
Create a Recovery Drive
1. Connect a USB drive (at least 16 GB). 2. Open Control Panel, search 'recovery drive'. 3. Select 'Create a recovery drive'. 4. Check 'Back up system files to the recovery drive'. 5. Choose the USB drive and follow prompts. Ensure the drive has enough space for system files and recovery tools.
- 2
Repair Boot Configuration Data (BCD)
1. Boot from Windows installation media. 2. Click 'Repair your computer' > Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Command Prompt. 3. Run 'bootrec /fixmbr' and 'bootrec /rebuildbcd'. 4. If BCD is corrupted, this rebuilds it. 5. Restart and verify boot. This resolves 'BOOT_DEVICE_INACCESSIBLE' errors.
- 3
Configure VPN with Split-Tunneling
1. Open VPN settings (Network & Internet). 2. Add a VPN connection with server address and authentication. 3. Under advanced options, enable 'Use split tunneling'. 4. Configure which traffic goes through VPN (e.g., internal IP ranges). 5. Connect and test: internal resources accessible, internet traffic bypasses VPN for performance.
- 4
Encrypt a File with EFS
1. Right-click the file or folder > Properties > Advanced. 2. Check 'Encrypt contents to secure data' > OK > Apply. 3. Choose whether to encrypt the folder and subfolders. 4. Back up your EFS certificate when prompted. 5. Only your user account can decrypt the file; the FEK is protected by your public key.
- 5
Perform Disk Cleanup and Defragmentation
1. Open 'Disk Cleanup' from Start menu. 2. Select drive, check temporary files, system caches, etc. 3. Click OK to delete. 4. Open 'Defragment and Optimize Drives'. 5. Select the drive and click 'Optimize' to consolidate fragmented files, improving read/write performance.
FAQ
Questions about this exam practice page
Clear boundaries on what the bank covers, how to use it, and where official vendor information still matters.
What is the purpose of the BCD and how do you repair it in Windows?+
The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) stores boot-time parameters for Windows. If corrupted, the system may display 'BOOT_DEVICE_INACCESSIBLE'. To repair, boot from installation media, select 'Repair your computer', go to Command Prompt, and run 'bootrec /fixmbr' and 'bootrec /rebuildbcd'.
How does EFS use symmetric and asymmetric encryption?+
EFS encrypts each file with a unique symmetric File Encryption Key (FEK). The FEK is then encrypted with the user's public RSA key and stored with the file. Only the user's private key can decrypt the FEK, granting access. This combines symmetric speed with asymmetric key management.
What factors determine the maximum number of virtual machines on a physical server?+
The maximum VMs is limited by the most constrained resource: RAM, CPU cores, or storage. Each VM requires specified amounts. Calculate based on each resource separately (e.g., total RAM / RAM per VM) and take the smallest integer. Overcommitment may reduce performance.
When should you use ReFS instead of NTFS?+
ReFS is ideal for large volumes where data integrity is critical. It supports larger files (up to 16 TB on a partition) and includes integrity streams that automatically detect and repair corruption. Use ReFS for file servers or backup targets; NTFS is better for general use where compression and EFS are needed.
What is the difference between split-tunneling and full-tunneling VPN?+
Split-tunneling routes only internal network traffic through the VPN, allowing internet traffic to go directly, improving performance. Full-tunneling sends all traffic through the VPN, increasing security but potentially causing bandwidth bottlenecks. Split-tunneling is often used when remote users need both secure internal access and fast internet.
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